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Madhya Pradesh
मध्य प्रदेश
State of India
Location of Madhya Pradesh (marked in red) in India
Location of Madhya Pradesh (marked in red) in India
Coordinates: 23°15′00″N 77°25′01″E / 23.25°N 77.417°E / 23.25; 77.417Coordinates: 23°15′00″N 77°25′01″E / 23.25°N 77.417°E / 23.25; 77.417
Country  India
Region Malwa, Bundelkhand, Baghelkhand, Nimar, Mahakoshal, Chambal and Gird
Established 1 Nov 1956
Capital Bhopal
Largest city Indore
Districts 51
Government
 • Governor Ram Naresh Yadav
 • Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chauhan
 • Legislature Unicameral (230 seats)
 • High Court Madhya Pradesh High Court Jabalpur
Area
 • State of India 308,252 km2 (119,017 sq mi)
Area rank 2nd
Population (2011)[1]
 • State of India 72,597,565
 • Rank 6th
 • Density 236/km2 (610/sq mi)
 • Urban 20,059,666
 • Rural 52,537,899
Time zone IST (UTC+05:30)
PIN 45xxxx-48xxxx
ISD code 091-7xxx
ISO 3166 code IN-MP
HDI Increase 0.488 (medium)
HDI rank 26th (2005)
Literacy 70.60% (2011)[1]
Sex Ratio 930 (2011)[2]
Official languages Hindi
Website mp.gov.in
Symbols of Madhya Pradesh
Language Hindi
Song सुख का दाता सब का साथी... (Adopted on 1 November 2010)
Animal Barasingha (Rucervus duvaucelii / Swamp Deer)[citation needed]
Bird Dudhraj[citation needed]
Fish Mahseer[citation needed]
Flower Palash
Fruit Mango[citation needed]
Tree Banyan[citation needed]

Madhya Pradesh (MP) (/ˈmɑːdjə prəˈdɛʃ/, Hindi: मध्य प्रदेश, About this sound (Hindi pronunciation) , literally "Central Province") is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal, and the largest city is Indore. Nicknamed the "heart of India" due to its geographical location in India, Madhya Pradesh is the second largest state in the country by area. With over 75 million inhabitants, it is the sixth largest state in India by population. It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the north-east, Chhattisgarh to the south-east, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west, and Rajasthan to the northwest.

The area covered by the present-day Madhya Pradesh includes the area of the ancient Avanti mahajanapada, whose capital Ujjain (also known as Avanti) arose as a major city during the second wave of Indian urbanisation in the sixth century BCE. Subsequently, the region was ruled by the major dynasties of India, including the Mauryans, Gupta Empire, Harshavardhana, then Rajput kings of Paramara, Chandelas, Bundela, Tomaras, subsequently by the Mughals and later by the Marathas. By the early 18th century, the region was divided into several small kingdoms which were captured by the British and incorporated into Central Provinces and Berar and the Central India Agency. After India's independence, Madhya Pradesh state was created with Nagpur as its capital: this state included the southern parts of the present-day Madhya Pradesh and north-eastern portion of today's Maharashtra. In 1956, this state was reorganised and its parts were combined with the states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal to form the new Madhya Pradesh state with Bhopal as its capital; the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region was removed and merged with the then Bombay State. This state was the largest in India by area until 2000, when its southeastern Chhattisgarh region was made a separate state.

Madhya Pradesh is home to a large tribal population, who have been largely cut off from the mainstream development. This makes Madhya Pradesh one of the least developed states in India, with an HDI (Human Development Index) value of 0.375 (2011), which is well below the national average.[3] The state's per-capita gross state domestic product (nominal GDP) is the fourth lowest in the country (2010–11).[4] MP is also the lowest-ranked state on the India State Hunger Index. In recent years, the state's GDP growth has been above the national average.[5] Rich in mineral resources, MP has the largest reserves of diamond and copper in India. More than 30% of its area is under the forest cover. Its tourism industry has seen considerable growth, with the state topping the National Tourism Awards in the year 2010–11.[6]

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