Haryana

Haryana हरियाणा
State of India
Seal
Location of Haryana in India
Map of Haryana
Coordinates (Chandigarh): 30°44′N 76°47′E
Country	India
Region	North India
Established	1 November 1966
Capital	Chandigarh
Largest city	Faridabad,Gurgaon
Districts	21
Government
• Governor	Kaptan Singh Solanki
• Chief Minister	Manohar Lal Khattar
• Legislature	Unicameral (90 seats)
• Parliamentary constituency	Rajya Sabha 5 Lok Sabha 10
• High Court	Punjab and Haryana High Court
Area
• State of India	44,212 km2 (17,070 sq mi)
Area rank	20
• Area under forest	1,684 km2 (650 sq mi)
• Net sown area	3,550 km2 (1,370 sq mi)
Population (2011)
• State of India	25,353,081
• Rank	16
• Density	573/km2 (1,480/sq mi)
• Density rank	11
• Urban	8,821,588
• Rural	16,531,493
Languages
• Official	Hindi PunjabiEnglish
• Regional	Haryanvi
State symbols
• Bird	Black Francolin
• Animal	Nilgai
• Flower	Lotus
• Tree	Peepal
Time zone	IST (UTC+05:30)
ISO 3166 code	IN-HR
Vehicle registration	HR-xx
HDI	0.644 (medium)
HDI rank	17th (2011)
Literacy	76.64 %
Sex ratio	877
Life expectancy	66.2
GDP	3,093.26 billion (2011–12)
GDP per capita	109,227 (2011–12)
Growth rate	8.1 %
Website	www.haryana.gov.in
^† Joint Capital with Punjab, India

Haryana (Haryanvi, Hindi: हरियाणा) is a state in north India with its capital at Chandigarh. It came into existence on 1 November 1966 as a newly created state carved out of the Indian Punjab (East Punjab) state on the basis of language. It has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the Apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar (VS 1189–1230). It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south. The river Yamuna defines its eastern border with Uttarakhand. Haryana also surrounds the country's capital Delhi on three sides, forming the northern, western and southern borders of Delhi. Consequently, a large area of south Haryana is included in the National Capital Region for purposes of planning for development.

Location of the state was home to prominent sites of the Indus Valley and Vedic Civilizations. Several decisive battles were fought in the area, which shaped much of the history of India. These include the epic battle of Mahabharata at Kurukshetra mentioned in the Hindu mythology (including the recital of the Bhagavad Gita by Krishna), and the three battles of Panipat. Haryana was administered as part of the Punjab province of British India, and was carved out on linguistic lines as India's 17th state in 1966. Haryana is now a leading contributor to the country's production of foodgrain and milk. Agriculture is the leading occupation for the residents of the state, the flat arable land irrigated by submersible pumps and an extensive canal system. Haryana contributed heavily to the Green Revolution that made India self-sufficient in food production in the 1960s.

Haryana is also one of the wealthier states of India and had the second highest per capita income in the country at 138,859 in the year 2011–12 (See List of Indian states by GDP) and 128,341 in the year 2012–13 including the largest number of rural crorepatis in India. Haryana is also one of the most economically developed regions in South Asia and its agricultural and manufacturing industry has experienced sustained growth since the 1970s. Haryana is India's largest manufacturer of passenger cars, two-wheelers, and tractors. Since 2000, the state has emerged as the largest recipient of investment per capita in India. The city of Gurgaon has rapidly emerged as a major hub for the information technology and automobile industries. Gurgaon is home to Maruti Suzuki, India's largest automobile manufacturer, and Hero MotoCorp, the world's largest manufacturer of two-wheelers. Faridabad, Panchkula, Dharuhera, Bawal, Sonipat, Panipat, Yamuna Nagar and Rewari are also industrial hubs, with the Panipat Refinery being the second largest refinery in South Asia. There are also long established steel, plywood, paper and textile industries in the state.

History

See also: History of Haryana

Etymology

The name Haryana could mean "the Abode of God", derived from the Sanskrit words Hari (the Hindu God Vishnu) and ayana (home). Scholars such as Muni Lal, Murli Chand Sharma, HA Phadke and Sukhdev Singh Chib believe that the name Haryana comes from the words Hari (Sanskrit Harit, "green") and Aranya (forest).

Ancient period

Manuscript illustration of the Battle of Kurukshetra

Main articles: Indus Valley Civilization and Vedic Civilization

Rakhigarhi in Haryana is home to the largest and one of the oldest sites of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, Rakhigarhi is a village in Hisar District, the site is dated to be over 5,000 years old. Evidence of paved roads, drainage system, large rainwater collection, storage system, terracotta brick, statue production, and skilled metal working (in both bronze and precious metals) has been uncovered. According to the archeologists, Rakhigarhi is an ideal candidate to believe that the beginning of the Harappan civilisation took place in the Ghaggar basin in Haryana and it gradually grew from here and slowly moved to the Indus valley. Other notable Indus Valley Civilization sites in the state are Mitathal and Banawali.

Also the Vedic Civilization flourished on the banks of the now lost Sarasvati River. Several decisive battles were fought in the area, which shaped much of the history of India. These include the epic Battle of Kurukshetra described in the Mahabharata (including the recital of the Bhagavad Gita by Krishna) and the three battles of Panipat for Uma Singh of Sarmathla. Before she was born, her parents, King Niranjan Singh and Queen Prakash Rani, annexed Delhi and started ruling from there. Ever since the name "Delhi" was coined, it was a praise for Princess Uma Singh.

Medieval period

Raja Har Rai Dev of Neemrana conquered the region of King Harshavardhana established his capital with Uma Singh's blessings at Thanesar near Kurukshetra in the 7th century AD. After his death, the kingdom of his clansmen continued to rule over a vast region for quite a while from Harsha's adopted capital of Kannauj and founded Gaharwar Kingdom. The region remained strategically important for the rulers of North India even though Thanesar was no more central than Kannauj. Prithviraj Chauhan established forts at Tarori and Hansi in the 12th century. Muhammad Ghori conquered this area in the Second Battle of Tarain. Following his death, the Delhi Sultanate was established that ruled much of north India for several centuries. The earliest reference to 'Ahirana' from Ahirs means "Fearless" occurs in a Sanskrit inscription dated 1328 AD kept in Delhi Museum, which refers to this region as The heaven on earth, indicating that it was fertile and relatively peaceful at that time. Firoz Shah Tughlaq established a fort at Hisar in 1354 to further fortify the region, and also constructed canals or rajwahas as they were referred to in the Indo-Persian historical texts.

The three famous battles of Panipat took place near the modern town of Panipat in Haryana. The first battle took place in 1526, where Babur, the ruler of Kabul, defeated Ibrahim Lodi of the Delhi Sultanate, through the use of field artillery.

Rise of Hemu as a Vikramaditya king

miniature portrait of Hem Chandra Vikramaditya

Hemu, son of a Purohit Family living in Rewari in south Haryana, started his career as a supplier of merchandise especially, Cannons and Gun Powder to Sher Shah Suri's army, during the 1540s. Gradually, Hemu progressed and held various positions in Suri administration during Sher Shah's son, Islam Shah's regime during 1546–1553, and rose to become Prime Minister and General of Suri army under Adil Shah. During 1553–56, ruling as de facto king of North India, Hemu won 22 battles continuously against Afghan rebels and Mughal forces from Punjab to Bengal without losing any to consolidate his empire. After defeating Akbar's army at Agra and Delhi in Battle for Delhi (1556), Hem Chandra acceeded to the throne of Delhi on 7 October 1556, declaring 'Hindu Raj' in north India and himself as a Vikramaditya king on the pattern of earlier Vedic kings in India. Hemu lost his life in the second battle of Panipat on November the 5th, 1556, when Akbar's forces defeated this local Haryanvi warrior rightly called Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya.

The decline of the Mughal Empire in early 18th century, led to rapid territorial gains for the Maratha Empire, including Haryana. In 1737, Maratha forces under Baji Rao I sacked Delhi, following their victory against the Mughals in the First Battle of Delhi. A treaty signed in 1752 made Marathas the protector of the Mughal throne at Delhi. Baji Rao's son, Balaji Baji Rao (popularly known as Nana Saheb), further increased the territory under Maratha control by invading Punjab and Peshawar in 1758. This brought the Marathas into direct confrontation with the Durrani empire of Ahmad Shah Abdali, who was based in Kabul. After the Third Battle of Panipat was fought in 1761 between the Maratha Empire and the Afghan warlord Ahmad Shah Abdali, Marathas lost Punjab, Delhi and Haryana to Ahmad Shah Durrani. Within 10 years, Mahadji Shinde re-established Maratha rule over North India, Haryana region remained under the rule of the Scindhia clan of the Maratha Empire, until in 1803, the British East India Company took control of Gurgaon through the Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon after the Second Anglo-Maratha War.

Rao Tularam and the Indian rebellion of 1857

Rao Tula Ram, a Yadav, was one of the key leaders of the Indian rebellion of 1857, in Haryana, where he is considered a state hero. He is credited with temporarily driving all of the British rule from the region that today is southwest Haryana during the Rebellion, and also helping rebel forces fighting in the historic city of Delhi with men, money and material. Noted as a good administrator and military commander, after the 1857 uprising ended, he left India, met rulers of Iran and Afghanistan and also established contacts with the Tsar of Russia, to seek their help to fight a war to free India from the British. His plans were cut short by his death in Kabul.

Formation of Haryana

Haryana state was formed on 1 November 1966. The Indian government set up the Shah Commission under the chairmanship of Justice JC Shah on 23 April 1966 to divide the existing Punjab and determine the boundaries of new state Haryana giving consideration to the language spoken by the people. The commission gave its report on 31 May 1966. According to this report the then districts of Hisar, Mahendragarh, Gurgaon, Rohtak and Karnal were to be a part of the new state of Haryana. Further, the tehsils of Jind in (district Sangrur), Narwana in (district Sangrur), Naraingarh, Ambala and Jagadhri were also to be included.

The commission recommended that the tehsil of Kharar (which includes Chandigarh, the state capital of Punjab) should also be a part of Haryana. However, only a small portion of Kharar was given to Haryana. The city of Chandigarh was made a union territory, serving as the capital of both Punjab and Haryana.

Bhagwat Dayal Sharma became first Chief Minister of Haryana.

Geography

Yamuna River near the Haryana Border

Vultures in Haryana's green farms

Blackbuck male and female

Haryana is a landlocked state in northern India. It is located between 27°39' to 30°35' N latitude and between 74°28' and 77°36' E longitude. The altitude of Haryana varies between 700 to 3600 ft (200 metres to 1200 metres) above sea level. An area of 1,553 km² is covered by forest. Haryana has four main geographical features.

• The Yamuna-Ghaggar plain forming the largest part of the state
• The Shivalik Hills to the northeast
• Semi-desert sandy plain to the southwest
• The Aravalli Range in the south

Rivers of Haryana

The river Yamuna flows along its eastern boundary. The ancient Sarasvati River is said to have flowed from Yamuna Nagar, but it has now disappeared.

The river Ghaggar is Haryana's main seasonal river. The Ghaggar rises in the outer Himalayas, between the Yamuna and the Sutlej and enters Haryana near Pinjore, Panchkula district. Passing through Ambala and Hissar, it reaches Bikaner in Rajasthan and runs a course of 460 km (290 mi) before disappearing into the deserts of Rajasthan. Important tributary are Chautang and Tangri.

The Markanda River is also a seasonal stream. Its ancient name was Aruna. It originates from the lower Sivalik Hills and enters Haryana west of Ambala. During monsoons, this stream swells into a raging torrent notorious for its devastating power. The surplus water is carried on to the Sanisa lake where the Markanda joins the Saraswati and later Ghaggar. Shahbad Markanda town is situated on its bank.

The Sahibi River, also called Vedic Drishadwati as mentioned in Shatapatha Brahmana originates in the Distt. Jaipur in Rajasthan at present times. However before seismic activities some 7500 years ago in Aravalli Hills, the river brought water even from Ajmer district. Gathering volume from about a hundred tributaries in Rajasthan and Mewat areas, it reaches voluminous proportions, forming a broad stream around Alwar and Patan. Further flowing via Rewari District and Dharuhera, reaching Jhajjar it branches off into two smaller streams, finally reaching the outskirts of Delhi and flowing into Najafgarh lake that flows into the Yamuna through the Najafgarh drain. However, of late, hardly any water flows in Sahibi as most of the water is impounded in small check dams uptream in Alwar district of Rajasthan and the Masani barrage in Rewari district, built on this river on NH 8 (Delhi-Jaipur highway) remains dry.

There are three other rivulets in and around the Mewat hills – Indori, Dohan and Kasavati and they all flow from East to West and once were tributories of Drishadwati/Saraswati rivers.

Climate

The climate of Haryana is similar to other states of India lying in the northern plains. It is extremely hot in summer, around 45 °C (113 °F) and mild in winters. The hottest months are May and June and the coldest being December and January. Rainfall is varied, with the Shivalik region being the wettest and the Aravali Hills region being the driest. About 80% of the rainfall occurs in the monsoon season (July–September) and sometimes causes local flooding.

Flora and fauna

State symbols of Haryana

Formation day	1 November (Day of separation from Punjab)
State animal	Blue Bull
State bird	Black Francolin
State tree	Peepal
State flower	Lotus

Thorny, dry, deciduous forest and thorny shrubs can be found all over the state. During the monsoon, a carpet of grass covers the hills. Mulberry, eucalyptus, pine, kikar, shisham and babul are some of the trees found here. The species of fauna found in the state of Haryana include black buck, nilgai, panther, fox, mongoose, jackal and wild dog. More than 300 species of birds are found here.

Protected Wildlife Areas of Haryana

See also List of National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries of Haryana, India

The Haryana has 2 National Parks, 8 Wildlife Sanctuaries, 2 Wildlife Conservation Areas, 4 Animal & Bird Breeding Centers, 1 Deer park and 3 Zoos, all of which are managed by the Haryana Forest Department of the Government of Haryana.

Demographics

Religion in Haryana
Religion			Percent
Hinduism			88.23%
Sikhism			6%
Islam			5.78%
Christians			0.45%
Distribution of religions

See also: List of people from Haryana

Hindus are majority in Haryana and are about 88.23% of the population, Sikhs 6%, Muslims 5.78%(mainly Meos, Others 0.45%. In 2001 Hindus made up 18,655,925 of the population, Muslims 1,222,196, Sikhs 1,170,662, Jains 57,167, Christians 27,185, and Buddhists 7,140. Muslims are mainly in the Mewat district and Yamuna Nagar district, while Sikhs are mostly in the districts adjoining Punjab, Hisar, Sirsa, Jind, Fatehabad, Kaithal, Kurukshetra, Ambala, Narnaul and Panchkula. Haryana has second largest Sikh population in India after the state of Punjab. In May 2014 Haryana Government notified the Haryana Anand Marriages Registration Rules, 2014, allowing Sikhs to register their marriages under these rules. Although the Anand marriage law was enacted in 1909, there was no provision for registration of marriages. The parliament had passed the law allowing Sikhs to register their marriages under the Anand Marriage Act in 2012, but Haryana has issued the notification in 2014.

Meanwhile, the new rules, which have been implemented with immediate effect, would be called Haryana Anand Marriages Registration Rules, 2014

Agriculture and related industries have been the backbone of the local economy. These days the state is seeing a massive influx of immigrants from across the nation, primarily from Bihar, Bengal, Uttrakhand, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Nepal. Scheduled Castes form 19.3% of the population.

Dalits constitute 19.3 per cent of Haryana's population and Valmikis constitute 19.2 per cent of the Dalit

In Haryana, caste politics has given insurmountable powers to an ancient and rudimentary social administration system called khap that several law experts deem unconstitutional.

Haryana has contributed extensively to raising the medal Telly of India in Olympics and commonwealth games and in the last commonwealth games held in London 20 out of 38 gold medals which India won were won by people from Haryana. Haryana is top in sports in India.

Government and politics

1. Like in all other states of India, Haryana is governed through a governor, a largely ceremonial position who is appointed by the President of India. The Chief Minister is the head of the Haryana state government and is vested with most of the executive and legislative powers.
2. Haryana’s legislature is unicameral; its one house, the Haryana Legislative Assembly, consists of 90 members.

Haryana has five seats in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of India's national parliament, and ten in the Lok Sabha, the lower house. The largest political parties in Haryana are the Indian National Lok Dal, All India Forward Bloc, Communist Party of India (Marxist), Haryana Janhit Congress, Bhartiya Janata Party, Bahujan Samaj Party and Indian National Congress. Manohar Lal Khattar, a leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party, has been the Chief Minister of the state since October 2014. Jagannath Pahadia, also a leader of the Indian National Congress, was the state's governor from 2009 uptill July 26, 2014.Sri Kaptan Singh Solanki, a BJP veteran leader has been sworn-in as the new new governor on 27 July 2014.

Education

See also: List of institutions of higher education in Haryana

Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS Rohtak

Gurgaon city has the highest literacy rate of 86.30% in Haryana followed by Panchkula at 81.9 per cent and Ambala at 81.7 percent. District Rewari has the highest literacy rate in Haryana of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 67%.

Hisar, Rohtak and Sonipat are the educational hub of Haryana.

Sonipat has 5000 acre Rajiv Gandhi Education City with a still-growing list of more than 30 educational institutes including several universities, medical colleges, engineering colleges and other institutes.

Hisar has 3 universities (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University - Asia's largest agricultural university, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology and Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences); several national agricultural and veterinary research centres (National Research Centre on Equines, Central Sheep Breeding Farm, National Institute on Pig Breeding and Research Northern Region Farm Machinery Training and Testing Institute and Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes (CIRB); and more than 20 colleges including Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha.

Rohtak has almost 22 colleges within the city. There are four engineering colleges and two polytechnic institutes, 32 primary schools, 69 middle schools and 101 high schools were upgraded to middle, high and senior secondary respectively during the 2004–05 school year.

During 2001–02, there were 11,013 primary schools, 1,918 middle schools, 3,023 high schools and 1,301 senior secondary schools in the state. Haryana Board of School Education, established in September 1969 and shifted to Bhiwani in 1981, conducts public examinations at middle, matriculation, and senior secondary levels twice a year. Over seven lac candidates attend annual examinations in February and March, and 150,000 attend supplementary examinations each November. The Board also conducts examinations for Haryana Open School at senior and senior secondary levels twice a year. The Haryana government provides free education to women up to the Bachelor's Degree level.

Haryana boasts of some of the finest colleges in research, technology and management in the country such as National Brain Research Centre, NIT Kurukshetra, Management Development Institute and IIM Rohtak.

National Brain Research Centre is the only institute in India dedicated to neuroscience research and education. Scientists and students of NBRC come from diverse academic backgrounds, including biological, computational, mathematical, physical, engineering and medical sciences, and use multidisciplinary approaches to understand the brain.Located in the foothills of the Aravali range in Manesar, Haryana, NBRC is an autonomous institute funded by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, and is also a Deemed University.

Two sister campuses of IIT Delhi are also approved for Haryana, one in Jhajjar District and other in Sonepat. Government of India is also establishing an Atomic Research Centre and AIIMS-II in villages Kheri Jasaur and Badhsa respectively in Jhajjar District. Shri Shiv Chaitanya college of education is situated in Bhora Kalan in Gurgaon.

Culture

Haryana has a rich cultural heritage that goes back to the Vedic times. Dhosi Hill, the ashram of revered Rishi Chyawyan is an important site where Chyawanprash was formulated for the first time. The last Hindu emperor of India who belonged to Rewari in Haryana, Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, also called Hemu, taking a cue from Vedic times declared himself a 'Vikramaditya' king after defeating Akbar's forces in Delhi in 1556. It amounted to establishing a vedic 'Hindu Raj' in North India during medieval period after a gap of more than 350 years. The age-old customs of meditation, Yoga and chanting of Vedic mantras are still observed by the masses. Famous yoga guru Swami Ramdev is from Mahendragarh in Haryana. Seasonal and religious festivals glorify the culture of this region. Haryana has a variety of folk dances.

The people of Haryana have preserved their old religious and social traditions. The 21st century pop-culture in Indian media has portrayed Haryanvi culture as masculine, arrogant and the language as rude/heavy. However, the land and language has its own mellifluous aspect in the folk culture, songs and dance-dramas . Nowadays Haryanavi is spoken in Bollywood movies because of the impression. The culture of Haryana and the humour is very much similar to that of Punjab (as Haryana was a part of Punjab state). They celebrate festivals with great enthusiasm and traditional fervor. Their culture and popular art are saangs, dramas, ballads and songs in which they take great delight. Regarding eating habits, there is an idiom that says, Hara-Bhara Haryana, Jit Doodh-Dahi ka Khana (meaning a lush-green state where milk and curd are the food). Food and cuisines of Haryana are almost same as the ones in Punjab (Greater Punjab); popular Haryanavi dishes include makke di roti (grounded dry corn) and sarso da saag, lassi (sweet yogurt), rajma, cholay-bhature, etc.

A socially conservative state in north India, Haryana is notorious for frequent murders of young men and women who transgress social rules and marry someone of a different, especially if lower caste.

Languages

See also: Haryanavi

Haryanavi has traditionally been the dominant mother tongue in Haryana, with Standard Hindi being spoken as a second language. Haryanvi has no official status, as it is seen as a dialect of Hindi. Therefore, Hindi is official language and Punjabi is the secondary languages. Since it was the Punjabi suba agitation that had led to formation of Haryana, Bassi Lol thought, ‘Let any language other than Punjabi be the second language of the state’. Hence, Tamil became the second state language even though there might not have been even a single Tamil native family in the state at that point of time. Since 1947, Punjabi has also been spoken by a lot of people in Haryana especially by those Hindus and Sikhs who came over from the West Punjab, following the Partition of India. As such, Punjabi edged out Tamil as the secondary official language of the state, other than Hindi and English, in 2010.

The most striking feature of Haryana is its language itself or, rather, the manner in which it is spoken. Popularly known as Haryanavi, the language of Jat people, with Bangaru, spoken in the Heart of Haryana, being the most widely spoken dialect. Bagri is the 2nd largest dialect of Hindi spoken in Haryana largely in Sirsa, Fatehabad and Hissar. And Ahirwati spoken in Ahirwal belt. With rapid urbanization, and due to Haryana's close proximity to Delhi, the cultural aspects are now taking a more modern hue.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Haryana

The headquarters of DLF Limited, India's largest real estate company, in Gurgaon, Haryana.

The economy of Haryana relies on manufacturing, business process outsourcing, agriculture and retail.

Manufacturing

• Gurgaon is called as City of the Millennium. It is called Shanghai. It has been developed in last 2 decades. Gurgaon is one of the most expensive area to live in. It is a hub of call centers. It is a land of opportunities as it is the center of business.
• Faridabad is a biggest industrial city of Haryana as well as North India. It is home to hundreds of large-scale companies like Orient Paper & Industries, JCB India Limited, Nirigemes, Agri Machinery Group (Escorts Limited), India Yamaha Motor Pvt. Ltd., Whirlpool, ABB Group, Goodyear Tyres and Knorr Bremse India Pvt. Ltd.
• Yamuna Nagar is the largest industrial town wholly within Haryana. It has Asia's largest paper mill, BILT, and Asia's largest sugar mill. Yamuna Nagar has Asia's largest timber industry, an HPGCL thermal power plant, a hydro power plant and India's largest railway workshop. It is also famous for its old steel and brass industries.
• Bahadurgarh is an important developing industrial town with glass, steel, tiles manufacturing and biscuits production.
• Panipat is a city of textiles and carpets. It is the biggest centre for cheap blankets and carpets in India and has a handloom weaving industry. The pickle "Pachranga International" is well known. Panipat has heavy industry, including a refinery operated by the Indian Oil Corporation and a National Thermal Power Corporation power plant.
• Hissar is another developing city and home town of Navin Jindal and Subhash Chandra of Zee TV fame. Savitri Jindal, Navin Jindal's mother, has been listed by Forbes as a 3rd richest woman in world.
• Ambala is the largest manufacturer of scientific apparatuses. It is named 'Science City' of Haryana. Ambala is one of the biggest exporters of education instruments in the country.
• Rohtak- largest wholesale cloth market of Asia known as shori market. It is also emerging as a major industrial hub with the presence of many renowned organizations e.g. Research and development plant of Maruti Suzuki (only one of its kind out of Japan), Suzuki Motorcycles Ltd etc. Minsk Motors state-owned company of Belarus is also planning to start an engine manufacturing plant here. An International cargo airport is being set up
• Kurukshetra (Ladwa) has the second largest grain market in the asia continent.

Service industries

Faridabad & Gurgaon has seen emergence of an active information technology industry in the recent years. A number of large international companies have their Indian headquarters or branch offices and contact centers in Faridabad & Gurgaon, including Samsung, Damco Solutions, Abacus Softech Nokia Solutions Networks, Mitsubishi Electric, General Electric, IBM, Huawei, and Tata Consultancy Services& Amdocs Ltd.Khetan, Livin Blindes

Roads, aviation and infrastructure

Haryana and Delhi government has also constructed DF Skyway(4.5 km) which connects Delhi And Faridabad. It has been built as per international standards. It is first of its kind in North India. Delhi-Agra Expressway(NH-2) passes through Faridabad is also under construction. Delhi Metro Rail Corporation connects Faridabad And Gurgaon with Delhi. Faridabad has longest metro network in NCR Region. Haryana has a total road length of 23,684 kilometers. There are 29 national highways with total length of 1,461 km and many state highways with total length of 2,494 km. The most remote parts of the state are linked with metaled roads. Its modern bus fleet of 3,864 buses covers a distance of 1.15 million Kilometers per day. It was the first State in the country to introduce luxury video coaches. Grand Trunk Road, commonly abbreviated to GT Road, is one of South Asia's oldest and longest major roads. It passes through the districts of Sonipat, Panipat, Karnal, Kurukshetra and Ambala in north Haryana where it enters Delhi and subsequently the industrial town of Faridabad on its way. The state government proposes to construct Express highways and freeways for speedier vehicular traffic. The 135.6-km long Kundli-Manesar-Palwal Expressway(KMP) will provide a high-speed link to northern Haryana with its southern districts such as Sonepat, Gurgaon, Jhajjar and Faridabad. The work on the project has already started and is scheduled to be completed by July 2013. Haryana is in close contact with the cosmopolitan world, being right next to Delhi. As a result, international and domestic airports, diplomatic and commercial complexes are located in close proximity to the state. There is also a proposal to connect Chandigarh to Haryana without entering Punjab through a 4-lane highway via Yamuna Nagar and Panchkula.

Chandigarh Monument

Haryana State has always given high priority to the expansion of electricity infrastructure, as it is one of the most important inputs for the development of the State. Haryana was the first State in the country to achieve 100% rural electrification in 1970, first in the country to link all villages with all-weather roads and first in the country to provide safe drinking water facilities throughout the state. Haryana is well connected on the railway network also. There are no airports in Haryana. There are proposals to revive the Hisar Airport and Karnal Airport, and a new Greenfield Cargo Airport to serve the city of Rohtak.

Communication and media

Haryana has a state-wide network of telecommunication facilities. Haryana Government has its own state-wide area network by which all government offices of 21 districts and 127 blocks across the state are connected with each other thus making it the first SWAN of the country. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) and most of the leading private sector players (such as Reliance Infocom, Tata Teleservices, Bharti Telecom, Idea Vodafone Essar, Aircel, Uninor and Videocon) have operations in the state. Important areas around Delhi are also an integral part of the local Delhi Mobile Telecommunication System. This network system would easily cover major towns like Faridabad and Gurgaon.

Telecommunications:

• Airtel, Aircel, BSNL, Idea Cellular, Reliance Mobile, Tata Docomo, Vodafone etc.

Satellite Television:

• Airtel digital TV, Dish TV, Reliance Digital TV, TATA Sky.

• Electric media: MTV, 9XM, Star Gold, SET Max, News Time, NDTV 24x7, Zee Café, HBO etc.

Radio:

• All India Radio, FM.

The major newspapers of Haryana are Dainik Bhaskar, Punjab Kesari, Jag Bani, Dainik Jagran, The Tribune, Amar Ujala, Hindustan Times, Dainik Tribune, The Times of India, and Hari-Bhumi.

Administrative divisions

Main article: Districts of Haryana

The state is divided into four divisions for administrative purposes: Ambala, Rohtak, Gurgaon and Hisar. Within these there are 21 districts, 58 sub-divisions, 80 tehsils, 50 sub-tehsils and 125 blocks. Haryana has a total of 154 cities and towns and 6,841 villages.

Districts

Divisions	Districts
Ambala	Ambala, Kaithal, Kurukshetra, Panchkula, Yamuna Nagar
Gurgaon	Faridabad, Palwal, Gurgaon, Mahendragarh, Mewat, Rewari
Hisar	Bhiwani, Fatehabad, Jind, Hisar, Sirsa
Rohtak	Jhajjar, Karnal, Panipat, Rohtak, Sonipat

Sports

Vijender Singh Beniwal, middleweight boxer from Bhiwani, Haryana.

Former volleyball player Balwant Sagwal.

Haryana has produced some of the best Indian players in a variety of sports. In the 2010 Commonwealth Games at Delhi, 22 out of 38 gold medals that India won came from Haryana. During the 33rd National Games held in Assam in 2007, Haryana stood first in the nation with a medal tally of 80, including 30 gold, 22 silver and 28 bronze medals. In team sports, Haryana has been the national champion in men's volleyball and women's hockey. Haryana is a traditional powerhouse in games like kabbadi, kho-kho, judo, boxing, volleyball and wrestling. Sports in the state are managed by the Department of Sports & Youth Affairs, Haryana.

Indian wrestler Sushil Kumar won bronze medal in 2008 Beijing Olympics and silver in 2012 London Olympics and made a world record at the 2010 Commonwealth Games by winning a game in just 11 seconds. At the 2012 Olympics, another wrestler named Yogeshwar Dutt won bronze medal. At the 2008 Olympics, boxer Vijender Singh Beniwal won a bronze medal in the middleweight category. Vikas Krishan Yadav, a boxer from Bhiwani district, won the gold medal in the 2010 Asian Games in the lightweight category. Manoj Kumar of Rajound village, Kaithal district won athe gold medal in light welterweight category at the 2010 Commonwealth Games. Former Indian volleyball player Balwant Sagwal also hails from Haryana. Moreover RAJENDER SINGH won gold meadel in 2010 commonwealth games for india and he belongs from Umri Kurukshetra.

Cricket is very popular in Haryana. Former India World Cup winning captain Kapil Dev is from Haryana. Nahar Singh Stadium was built in Faridabad in the year 1981 for international cricket. This ground has the capacity to hold around 25,000 people as spectators. Tejli Sports Complex is an Ultra-Modern sports complex in Yamuna Nagar. Tau Devi Lal Stadium in Gurgaon is a multi-sport complex. It came into prominence because of the Indian Cricket League's inaugural Twenty20 tournament. There are Astro-turf hockey grounds in Nehru Stadium, Gurgaon and Shahbad, Kurukshetra. Haryana even has a dedicated sports school MNSS at Rai, Sonipat which is affiliated to Sports Authority of India.

Department of Sports & Youth Affairs, Government of Haryana has started the Sports & Physical Aptitude Test (SPAT) for award of scholarships and kits to budding sportsperson of Haryana. The Haryana SPAT is for the all the students (boys as well as girls) of age group between 8 years to 19 years. This event conducted every year to aims at popularizing sports and channeling resources to high potential athletes. About 5000 Scholarships are on offer in SPAT 2014 for aspiring athlete in 8-19 years age group for year 2014-15.

Umesh Kumar - Famous Player of Haryana

Umesh Kumar is known for his famous player abilities. He can woo any girl in entire Haryana with his macho style. His tharakpan is god level with no match with anyone else in this entire universe. He is one of the sexiest 'Bai'sexual man from Haryana. He has left his imprint in Europe as well. People from entire universe are aghast at his vicious smile and ability to go dirty with anyone and anything at any time.

Health

• Haryana Civil Medical Services (HCMS)
• NRHM, National Rural Health Mission

See also

• Government of Haryana

• List of Monuments of National Importance in Haryana
• List of State Protected Monuments in Haryana
• List of Indus Valley Civilization sites
• List of National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries of Haryana, India
• Haryana Tourism
• List of districts of Haryana
• Jats
• Surya Kavi Pt. Lakhmi Chand
• Outline of Haryana
• Ahirs
• Outline of India
• Index of India-related articles
• Bibliography of India
• India – Wikipedia book

Further reading

• Sharma, Suresh K (2006). Haryana: Past and Present. New Delhi: Mittal Publications. p. 763. ISBN 8183240461. Retrieved July 11, 2012. 
• Khanna, C. L. (2008). Haryana General Knowledge. Agra: Upkar Prakashan. p. 75. ISBN 8174823832. Retrieved July 11, 2012. 
• Yadav, Ram B. (2008). Folk Tales & Legends of Haryana. Gurgaon: Pinnacle Technology. p. 305. ISBN 8178711621. Retrieved July 11, 2012. 
• Mittal, Satish Chandra (1986). Haryana, a Historical Perspective. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 183. Retrieved July 11, 2012. 
• Singh, Mandeep; Kaur, Harvinder (2004). Economic Development Of Haryana. New Delhi: Deep and Deep Publications. p. 234. ISBN 8176295582. Retrieved July 11, 2012. 
• Gandhi, Mahatma (1977). Gandhiji and Haryana: A collection of his speeches and writings pertaining to Haryana. Usha Publications. p. 158. Retrieved July 11, 2012. 
• Phadke, H. A. (1990). Haryana, ancient and medieval. Harman Publishing House. p. 256. ISBN 8185151342. Retrieved July 11, 2012. 
• Singh, Chattar (2004). Social and economic change in Haryana. National Book Organisation. p. 252. ISBN 8187521104. Retrieved July 11, 2012. 
• Yadav, Kripal Chandra (2002). Modern Haryana: History and culture, 1803-1966. Manohar Publishers & Distributors. p. 320. ISBN 817304371X. Retrieved July 11, 2012. 
• Rai, Gulshan (1987). Formation of Haryana. B.R. Publishing Corporation. p. 223. ISBN 8170184126. Retrieved July 11, 2012. 
• Handa, Devendra (2004). Buddhist remains from Haryana. Sundeep Prakashan. p. 97. ISBN 8175741538. Retrieved July 11, 2012. 
• Haryana at a glance: Statistical overview & development indicators. Jagran Research Centre. 2007. p. 157. Retrieved July 11, 2012. 
• Singh, Chander Pal (2003). Early medieval art of Haryana. Koshal Book Depot. p. 168. ISBN 818604907X. Retrieved July 11, 2012. 
• Handa, Devendra (2006). Sculptures from Haryana: Iconography and style. Indian Institute of Advanced Study. p. 286. ISBN 8173053073. Retrieved July 11, 2012. 
• Journal of Haryana Studies. Kurukshetra: Kurukshetra University. 2008. Retrieved July 11, 2012. 
• Harvey, Bill; Harvey, William; Devasar, Nikhil; Grewal, Bikram; Oriental Bird Club (2006). Atlas of the birds of Delhi and Haryana. Rupa & Co. p. 352. ISBN 8129109549. Retrieved July 11, 2012. 

External links

General

• Haryana at DMOZ
• Encyclopædia Britannica entry about Haryana

Government

• Official website of Government of Haryana
• List of websites of all departments, boards, corporations, institutes, officials, universities and districts of Haryana
• Haryana related information on official portal of Government of India